第三章完 形 填 空[2][题型分析]“完形填空”题型旨在测试学生综合运用英语的能力。做此题时考生必须通篇考虑，掌握大意，综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识进行判断推理。解题主要从以下四步做起。 及时步: 重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空一般无标题，首句一般是完整的一句，不留空白，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。第二步: 速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。阅读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，画出表示某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。注意不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读、边做题，这样速度慢、率低。第三步: 瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后”即先读所填词的句子，再回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。具体答题方法如下。(1) 择优法: 根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定出答案，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。(2) 排除法: 如一时难以确定答案，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填，排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。第四步: 复核全文，调整答案。把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点。(1) 上下文的一致性，即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。(2) 从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配，甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。(3) 段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。复核至关重要，经常能纠正一两处甚至多处错误。同时对于较难确定的答案，也要凭语感任猜一个，决不可不选。[真题讲解][例1](2015年)In nearly every town or city centre in the UK, on most days of the week you can find one or more people standing in the street selling a magazine 1 The Big Issue. These people are all 2, but they are not begging for money.3, they are selling the magazine as a means(手段)of 4 a small but respectable living.The Big Issue magazine was 5 in 1991 by John Bird and Gordon Roddick after they 6 that there were many homeless people who were 7 on the streets of London. On a previous(之前的)8 to New York, one of them had seen homeless people selling a newspaper known as Street News 9 they decided to set up something 10 in the British capital.Nowadays, The Big Issue has 11 all over the UK and there are even different versions(版本)of the magazine in different parts of the 12. The sellers buy each magazine from the organization for seventy pence and then sell it to a 13 for one pound fifty. By working with The Big Issue, many people have been 14 to escape from homelessness, and 15 many of them have moved on to new jobs and new lives. ()1. A. printedB. speltC. calledD. stuck()2. A. healthyB. homelessC. impoliteD. single()3. A. InsteadB. BesidesC. AnyhowD. Therefore()4. A. changingB. enjoyingC. makingD. improving()5. A. recognizedB. startedC. foundD. written()6. A. forgotB. hopedC. sawD. doubted()7. A. drivingB. livingC. drawingD. working()8. A. visitB. entranceC. wayD. flight()9. A. orB. butC. forD. and()10. A. similarB. personalC. naturalD. friendly()11. A. brokenB. landedC. spreadD. floated()12. A. cityB. townC. worldD. country()13. A. reporterB. painterC. listenerD. reader()14. A. askedB. helpedC. neededD. forced()15. A. in the endB. now and thenC. all the timeD. in a hurry答案与解析: 文章题材及写作背景:The Big Issue是一本创始于英国伦敦的杂志，内容涵盖时事、社会议题及文艺资讯，现于英国、日本、澳洲、韩国等十个国家或地区以不同版本的形式发行；特别的是，这份刊物是通过Homeless来贩售。该组织由两个部分组成，一个是以有限公司模式，负责生产和配送杂志到街头的小贩通路;另一个则以非营利组织的形态存在，以帮助这些小贩们解决他们无家可归的问题，重新取得生活的主控权。TBI(The Big Issue)创办人高登 罗迪克(Gordon Roddick)是美体小铺(The Body Shop)的创办人之一。在全球拓展美体小铺事业期间，罗迪克在纽约看到专由街友贩卖的《街头新闻》(Street News)后，大受感动。有鉴于伦敦街头日益增加的游民和乞丐已成为严重的社会问题，回到英国之后，罗迪克找来具有出版经验、过去也曾一度露宿街头的约翰 博德(John Bird)一起合作。1991年9月，两人联手创办了TBI杂志。两位创始人始终相信，要解决游民问题，关键在于让他们自食其力，“授人以鱼，不如授之以渔”(a hand up, not a hand out)。1. C“在大街上售卖一本被叫作The Big Issue的杂志”，只有选项C合适。选项A是“印刷,打印”的意思；选项B是spell的过去分词，意为“拼写,拼读”之意；选项D是stick的过去分词，意为“刺入,插入，阻塞”。2. Bhealthy“健康的”；homeless“无家可归的”；impolite“不礼貌的”；single“单一的”。3. Ainstead意为“代替,替代”，作副词用通常位于句尾。如位于句首常用逗号与后面隔开。instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲，而在转折(或逆转)句子中作“然而”讲。4. Cmake living“谋生”，是固定搭配。两句的意思是: 他们都是无家可归的人，但是他们并不乞讨钱。相反，他们把售卖杂志作为一种哪怕微不足道但却令人尊重的谋生手段。5. Brecognized“承认，认出”；started“发起,创办”，且与第二段一句中的“set up something”形成前后呼应，符合题意；found既可作为find的过去式，也可作为“建立,创办”的原形，其过去式为founded，该空显然要填动词的过去式；written是write的过去分词。6. C选项saw“看见,看到”，是see的过去式，且与下文“one of them had seen homeless people”相呼应;forgot“忘记”，是forget的过去式；hoped,“希望”；doubted,“怀疑”。7. Bliving“住,居住”，符合题意。这段话的意思是: 在看到有许多无家可归、住在伦敦大街上的人之后，John Bird和Gordon Roddick于1991年创办了The Big Issue杂志。8. Avisit既可做动词，也可做名词，意为“参观,拜访,访问”，做名词使用时常与to搭配，故选A。entrance“入口”；flight“飞行,航班”。该句译为: 在他们之前去纽约的参观访问中，其中一人看见一些无家可归的人在售卖著名的《街头新闻》报纸之后，他们决定在英国首都也创办一种类似的读物。9. Dand表示并列的意义，符合题意，故选D。10. Asimilar“类似的,相似的”；personal“个人的,私人的”；natural“自然的”；friendly“友好的”。通读该段，联系前文，可知该空选A。11. Cbroken“打破,破裂”，是break的过去式；landed“着陆”；spread“展开,传播,散布,遍布,分布”，符合题意；floated“漂浮”。12. D选项“country”，与前文“all over the UK”相对应，故选D。该句意为: 如今，The Big Issue已经遍布全英国，甚至在该国不同的地区有不同的版本。13. Dreporter“记者”；painter“画家”；listener“听众”；reader“读者”，因为The Big Issue是杂志，故选项D符合题意。14. Basked“请,叫”；helped“帮助,有助于”，该句用了被动语态，意思是说通过售卖The Big Issue，有助于人们摆脱困境、改善生活;needed“需要”；forced“迫使,强迫”。这句话译为: 通过售卖The Big Issue，许多人已经摆脱了无家可归的困境，找到了新工作，过上了新生活。故选B。15. Ain the end“,终于”，符合题意；now and then“有时,时而,间或”；all the time“一直,始终”；in a hurry“立刻,迅速”。[例2](2014年)As a boy I dreamed of flying airplanes.1 I told Dad I wanted to be a pilot, he said, “You need to do your job well on the farm first, and 2 you may realize your dream.” The farm was an everyday responsibility(职责)—that 3 Saturday, Sunday and Christmas too. Every morning got up at four oclock to milk and 4 the cows. After the milk was bottled my older brothers and I 5 it to peoples homes. I was paid five cents a bottle. At that time I 6 that to be successful you have to take care of your responsibilities.When I was 16, I signed up for flying lessons. To pay for the lessons I 7 a small restaurant with some friends. One of our regular 8 was the president of the Farmers Bank. Every 9 I got, I talked to him about my dream. One day I told him I 10 $3,500 to buy my own 11. He lent me the money so that I could fly people within 150 miles of the airport.Twelve years later I was flying people around the world 12 a pilot of a big airline company. After ten years in the company I started my own 13.Today I run a billiondollar company, but it was on the farm that I learned the principles(原则)that have 14 me. Hard work and determination do 15 dreams come true.()1. A. WhenB. ThoughC. BeforeD. Since()2. A. nowB. stillC. againD. then()3. A. spentB. meantC. wastedD. followed()4. A. pullB. feedC. saveD. ride()5. A. sentB. postedC. offeredD. returned()6. A. repliedB. agreedC. learnedD. wanted()7. A. openedB. borrowedC. builtD. visited()8. A. friendsB. passengersC. neighborsD. customers()9. A. dayB. hourC. chanceD. place()10. A. neededB. preparedC. receivedD. collected()11. A. carB. busC. truckD. plane()12. A. byB. asC. toD. for()13. A. jobB. areaC. businessD. journey()14. A. guidedB. pressedC. remindedD. excited()15. A. putB. makeC. takeD. see答案与解析: 1. A主语从句中，缺少时间。故用when来引导。2. D根据前后句意可知,先做好农场的事，然后再实现梦想,故用then。3. B考查动词词义。根据前半句，农场是每天的职责，也就意味着周末和圣诞。meant意为“意味着”。4. Bfeed是“喂养”的意思。5. A根据句意可知,“我”把牛奶装瓶后，和哥哥一起把牛奶送到人们家里,故用send。6. C根据句意可知,那时候“我”学到了，想要成功必须要有职责,故用learned。7. A该句表示“开”了一家小餐馆,用opened。8. D根据前后文可知，其中一位“常客”最符合题意。9. C根据句意可知,每次“我”碰到他，都会与他谈论“我”的梦想,故用chance。10. A根据句意可知，“我”需要钱，故用needed。11. D根据前文可知,“我”的梦想是当飞行员，所以“我”要买飞机,故选plane。12. B本题考查介词，as是“当，作为”的意思。13. C根据下文可知，“我”自己经营了一家公司，有了自己的生意,故用business。14. A考查动词词义。guide“指导”，press“压”，remind“提醒”，excite“兴奋”，故A选项最恰当。15. B该句意为: 努力和决心确实可以使梦想成真。make是“使得”的意思。[例3](2013年)Yuichiro Miura lives by the saying that nothing is impossible.For him, that means climbing Qomolangma, the worlds highest mountain, at the age of 80. He 1 to climb it for the 2 time next month. He reached its top at ages 70 and 75. If he succeeds this time, he will 3 the record for the oldest person to climb the 8,844meterhigh mountain.The record,4, is not what pushes him on. Instead, he wants to know how a person of his age will 5 and deal with the terrible cold,6 air and low oxygen(氧气)levels on such a high mountain. He believes those 7 will add 70 years to the age of his body once he 8 to the top. His daughter, Emili Miura,9 others that he will feel like someone 150 years old.“Nobody ever lived that long, and hes so 10 to know how it would he like,” she said. “He would like to know what is the 11 of humans.” Emili Miura said her father thinks that one should always set a higher 12 for oneself and try to achieve it.Yuickiro Miura faces more dangers13 health problems. He has had three heart operation in 14 years, and he suffered two 15 bones in a sport accident in 2009. Nobody would say its wise for an 80yearold person to make the climb, but Mr. Miura believes that nothing is impossible.()1. A. begsB. plansC. needD. refuses()2. A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth()3. A. breakB. checkC. achieveD. improve()4. A. anyhowB. thereforeC. howeverD. meanwhile()5. A. existB. advise C. workD. feel()6. A. thinB. clearC. freshD. cool()7. A. desiresB. conditionsC. operationsD. advantages()8. A. getsB. leadsC. turnsD. sticks()9. A. warnedB. persuadedC. toldD. promised()10. A. sureB. afraidC. proudD. curious()11. A. endB. aimC. limitD. fact()12. A. goalB. orderC. ruleD. example()13. A. instead ofB. because ofC. in favor ofD. in front of ()14. A. mostB. earlyC. severalD. recent()15. A. burnedB. brokenC. destroyedD. grown答案与解析: 1. B根据句意可知,他计划去爬珠穆朗玛峰。begs“乞求”；need“需要”；refuses“拒绝”。2. C根据后文，他在70岁和75岁时到过顶峰，可知这是他第三次登峰。3. A根据句意可知,他将打破纪录。check“检查核对”；achieve“获得，完成”；improve“改善，提高”。4. C根据上下文可知，此处要选择具有转折意义的词。句意为: 然而，纪录并不是促使他登山的动力。5. D根据句意可知,这句话是说他会感觉怎样。exist“存在，生存”；advise“建议”；work“工作”。6. A根据常识判断,海拔高的山上应该是稀薄的空气。7. B根据上文可知，这些条件会让他的生理年龄增加70岁。desires“要求”；operations