Introduction for Teachers and Students..........i

There are Three Main Kinds of Thinkers..........1

The Fairminded Critical Thinker..........2

The Selfish Critical Thinker..........3

The Na?ve Thinker..........4

Developing Intellectual Character..........5

How to Become a Fairminded Critical Thinker..........6

Intellectual Standards Help You Think Better..........9

Be Clear: Don’t Confuse People..........10

Be Accurate: Make Sure It’s True..........11

Be Relevant: Make Sure You Stay on Track..........12

Be Logical: Make Sure Everything Fits Together..........13

Be Fair: Make Sure You Consider Others..........14

Some Important Intellectual Standards..........15

A Checklist of Questions You Can Ask to Target

Intellectual Standards..........16

Think About Fairness..........17

Journal Entry Focusing on Unfair Thinking and Behavior..........18

We Take Our Thinking Apart to Find Problems in Our Thinking — and Solve Them..........19

Think About Purpose..........20

State the Question..........21

Gather the Information..........22

Check Your Inferences..........23

Question Your Assumptions..........24

Clarify Your Concepts..........25

Understand Your Point of View..........26

Think Through the Implications..........27

Clarifying Inferences and Assumptions 28

Finding Your Inferences and Assumptions..........30

Critical Thinkers Seek Better Ways of Doing Things..........32

Strategies for Using the Parts of Thinking..........33

Analyzing Problems..........33

Analyzing Characters in a Story..........35

Analyzing Chapters in a Textbook..........37

Analyzing Experiments..........39

Analyzing the Data Collected (After Experiments)..........40

Analyzing Subjects or Disciplines..........41

Asking Questions in Class Which Target the Parts of Thinking..........42

Strategies for Clarifying and Understanding Important Ideas:

Clarifying Your Own Ideas, Clarifying What O